The oil and gas industry, as a whole, is considered to be a stream of activities from the upstream activities getting natural resources from the ground to the downstream activities purifying them for use as fuel or plastic and other things. The primary function is to provide sufficient wob weight on bit. Click on the name below or a number on the graphic to see a definition and a more detailed photo of the object. Workover rigs workover rig and the functions of workover. Main design features are portability and maximum operating depth. However, the mud system does not move with the mast and substructure, as with desert rigs. Space limitations on the rig floor are one consideration. A platform near the top of the mast on which the derrick man works. As a fully vertical integrated systems provider, bentec offers a unique. It is erected on a substructure which supports the rig floor and the rotary table and provides work space on the rig floor.
Images of equipment are numbered and referenced in a handy key. The rig is basically comprised of a derrick, the drawworks with its drilling line, crown block and traveling block, and a drilling fluid circulation system including the standpipe, rotary hose, drilling fluid pits and pumps. The derrick is a metallic structure which has four supporting legs resting on a square base. Rig design limits pipe racking in the derrick in two ways. Cable tool rigs are an older, less common type of rig that chip rock to a powder by raising and dropping a heavy bit in the bore hole. The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and kelly. Pdf drilling rig components illustrated glossary hyderdad. We know this will help a lot of people learning about the rig component in a very simple way. Its primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe or casing from or into a well. May 24, 2016 rig components there are four basic drilling functions of the rig namely hoisting, rotating, circulating and well controlling. The drill string is composed of drill pipe, heavy weight drill pipe, drill collars and other components like stabilizers and drilling jars. The techniques and equipment for drilling offshore wells. The fluids are pumped down the drill string, out through holes jets in the drill bit and up the wellbore. The ability of the drill string on the drilling rig to be heave compensated, such that the drill bit has a minimum of movement while drilling and performing downhole sampling and testing, is very important.
The rig is basically comprised of a derrick, the drawworks with its drilling line, crown block and traveling block, and a drilling fluid circulation system. Nov 18, 20 functions of drilling rig components technical university of crete mining department of mineral resources engineering metallurgical processes prof. Different types of drilling rigs are presented, the difference between a kellyrotary table and a top drive system is explained, and the components of a drill string are described in detail. A device comprised of sheaves or pulleys at the top of the mast over which drilling line is run down to the hoisting drum. It holds the most components required for the drilling work. As energy production costs are at record highs, a rapidly growing interest in domestic oil production has occurred in north america. Oilgas drilling rig normally consisted of eight major systems,hoisting system, rotating system, drilling fluid circulating system,transmission system,control system. The drilling rig manufacturers equipment manual should include hydraulic circuit diagrams. The bottom hole assembly bha is the components used above the bit without taking in consideration the drill pipe.
This fully colored detailed poster of a drilling rig identifies nearly all major components of a typical land drilling rig. Drill string is an important and expensive part of the rig, but suffers from a relatively short life. The main components of a rotary drilling rig can be seen in following picture. Blowout preventer highpressure valves located under the land rig or on the sea floor that seal the highpressure drill lines and relieve pressure when necessary to prevent a blowout uncontrolled gush of gas or oil to. This article lists the main components of a petroleum onshore drilling rig. The capability for the drill string on the drilling rig to be heave compensated such that the drill bit has a minimum of movement while drilling and performing downhole sampling and testing is very important. Light rigs, down to 2,000 m medium rigs, to 4,000 m heavy rigs, to 6,000 m 1 2 3 ultraheavy rigs for greater depths4 landrigclassification onshore drilling rigs fall into four groups. Mar 25, 2020 a drilling machine is one of the important machine tools in the workshop. Medium duty rigs drill to depth ranging from about 40000ft or 120003000m. It is considered the main area where work is performed. Azomining lists the latest drilling rigs and drilling components from some of the biggest suppliers in the mining industry.
Dec 01, 2015 although drilling rigs differ greatly in outward appearance and method of deployment, all rotary rigs have the same basic drilling equipment. Drill pipe is the most stressed component of rotary equipment tension. Drilling rigs create boreholes on that are used in natural gas extraction a rig that can drill a 10,000ft 3km well requires 5075 people, 3545. A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown block and traveling block in effect a block and tackle. Catwalk the ramp at the side of the drilling rig where pipe is laid to be lifted to the. The following is a brief description of these rigs. Major components of the rig include the mud tanks, the mud pumps, the derrick or mast, the drawworks, the rotary table or topdrive, the drillstring, the power generation equipment and auxiliary equipment.
Dec 08, 2015 the main function is adapting the threads, the size, or both of them to connect different joints of string components. Workover rig is known as the workover the different types of rigs include the offshore and onshore rig that range from 150 horsepower to horsepower. Rotary table the principal component of a rotary, or rotary machine, used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly. With more activity occurring in the domestic oil industry, it is important to educate ourselves on common terminology and understand how oil drilling rigs operate. The equipment associated with a rig is to some extent dependent on the type of rig but typically includes at least. Pdf oil well rig and directional drilling technology.
The standard drilling mud report reflects the type of information the drilling fluid personnel often called mud engineers provide at the rig site on a daily basis. Also at the end of the article, i will give you the pdf download link. The load limitation for the racking area may be affected by loads carried in the rotary table, depending on the. The drilling mud, by hydrostatic pressure, also helps prevent the collapse of unstable strata into the borehole and the intrusion of water from waterbearing strata. This prevents the line from slipping and the traveling block from falling. These reports, often computergenerated and stored in a database, and the postwell analysis performed at the conclusion of the well serve as reference materials for future. An introduction to offshore drilling and jackup rigs. The drilling rig consists of a set of equipment and machinery located on the socalled drilling site and normally the rig is not owned by the oil company but by drilling service companies, which hire out the rig complete with operators and which construct the well according to the clients specifications. Rotary system, hoisting system and drilling fluid circulation system.
Drilling rigs create boreholes on that are used in natural gas extraction a rig that can drill a 10,000ft 3km well requires 5075 people, 3545 semi tracks to move and assemble it. Offshore drilling rigs have similar elements, but are configured with a number of different drilling systems to suit drilling in the marine environment. Rig components pdf the most common drilling rigs in use today are rotary drilling rigs. The drilling rig consistes of a set of equipment and machinery located on the drilling site. Coupled with efficiency gains, atlas copco has simplified the machine by eliminating several major working components and increasing the service life expectancy of primary components currently in the carriage feed system. The components of a horizontal drilling rig used for pipeline construction are similar to those of an oil well drilling rig with the major exception being that a horizontal drilling rig is equipped with an inclined ramp as opposed to a vertical mast.
The search for the land rig design that accommodates all. Hydraulic oil accomplishes two essential functions. The moving fluid cools and lubricates the bit and removes the rock cuttings that would otherwise collect at the bottom of the wellbore. Major components of the rig include the mud tanks, the mud pumps, the derrick or mast, the drawworks, the rotary table or topdrive, the drillstring, the. Introduction to rig types and basic drill string components the first oilwell drilling module covers basic oil and gas well drilling principles. Weve seen the rig component picture from occupational safety and health administration osha. The drillstring means the tubulars and the accessories used to run the drill bit to the bottom. Keep a sharp bit on pographies the effect of different substrates on rig presentation the size, volume and spread of. Recently, while diesel engines still compose the majority of power sources on rotary rigs, other types of engines are also in use. Hdd pilot hole operations are not unlike those involved in drilling a directional oil well. Its primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe. Type of drilling rigs all rigs have the same basic components. A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown block and.
Drilling fluids, also called drilling mud, in petroleum engineering, a heavy, viscous fluid mixture that is used in oil and gas drilling operations to carry rock cuttings to the surface and also to lubricate and cool the drill bit. The load weight limitation of the rig floor, which is supported by the substructure, is the second consideration. The derrick or mast, draw works, blocks and the hook accomplish hoisting functions. Powersystem internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the rig. Operatively, the choice of the type of rig is based on the well requirements, considering that the hire cost is proportional to the capacity and the technological characteristics of the. One of the earliest diamond drilling machines is the steampowered rig shown here in 1908, recovering cores for assessment of shallow coal deposits in.
The main components involved in the offshore drilling process are the drilling rig, the mud system, the blowout preventer bop etc. It is a drilling technology that relies on continuous circular rotation of the bit to break rocks, while drilling fluids circulate through the bit and up the wellbore to the surface, making possible to drill safely and efficiently the well. The rig gets its name from the rotational motion of the drilling bit which grinds through rock. Proper selection of each component is critical and various factors have to be considered such as the requirement, site conditions, design conditions, safety, cost, etc. It contains jets through which the drilling fluid exits.
All main components in our electrical systems have been developed. Main components of drilling rig gn decanter centrifuge. A drilling rig is an integrated system that drills wells, such as oil or water wells, in the earths subsurface. Functions of drilling rig components technical university of crete mining department of mineral resources engineering metallurgical processes prof. An introduction to rig types and basic drilling string components. Drill string component an overview sciencedirect topics. Drilling rigs can sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock. Rig component pdf drilling rig casing borehole scribd. In a drilling site power is needed to run the machines driving the main components of the rig, such as the drawworks, the pumps, the rotary table and the engines of the various auxiliary facilities compressed air. Fundamentals of petroleum engineering drilling operations. Basic rig component quiz well control quiz online test. Bentecs headquarters are located in bad bentheim, germany, with additional production and service facilities in tyumen, russia and nizwa, sultanate of oman. Two basic types of drilling rigs are used for drilling wells. Derrick support structure that holds the drilling apparatus.
This mud scours the bottom of the hole to keep the bit cutters clean and keep a fresh rock surface for the bit to attack. There is just one basic cable tool rig, but there are several variations of rotary rigs. Being able to read and understand these diagrams is vital for performing maintenance and troubleshooting. Also at the end of the article, i will give you the pdf download link we also perform drilling operation in lathe machine too, but drill machine is made for this specific drill operations, so. Insets show closeup drawings of bop, top drive, shale shaker, mud pump and more. The drill string provides a fluid conduit from the drilling rig to the drilling bits also drill string had another function which is to impart rotary motion to the drilling bits because of the existence of drill collars in the drill string, it will provide weight on bit wob necessary to drill the hole lower and raise the drilling bits in the well. Some rotary rigs may use electricity directly from power lines. Normally the rig is not owned by the oil company but by drilling service companies. Jbt78451995 electrical equipment with electrical components for land drilling rig api spec 9a wire ropes api spec 16c specification for choke and kill decives api 510 pressure vessels asme serie b31 stand pipe lines main parameters 1. Offshore, the rig includes the same components as onshore, but not those of the vessel or drilling platform itself. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia this article lists the main components of a petroleum onshore drilling rig. Workover rigs contain a full line of drilling packages. Introduction iadc international association of drilling.
Extracting valuable oil has become more common from locations such. The prime movers in a rotary drilling rig are those pieces of equipment that provide the power to the entire rig. The story of the enigmatic and mysterious tube drills of ancient egypt unchartedx full documentary duration. Ultraheavy duty rigs drill holes from about 1800025000ft or more 55007500m or more. Main components of drilling drilling operation in offshore piping is a complex process with many challenges. Light duty rigs drill holes from 30005000ft, or 1500m. A diesel, liquefied petroleum gas lpg, natural gas, or gasoline engine, along with a mechanical transmission and generator for producing power for the drilling rig. The working platform for drilling work is called drilling rig. There are four basic drilling functions of the rig namely hoisting, rotating, circulating and well controlling. Tips for maintaining drilling rig hydraulic systems 2014.
Consequently, heavy and complex festoons and flowline systems are being added to allow the rig to walk 100 ft without rigging down. With this information, contractors and operators can extend drillstring life and realize inprove project economics. Deadline reel and clamp the drilling line strung through the traveling block and to the drawworks is secured by the deadline, which is wrapped around the deadline reel and clamped. We also perform drilling operation in lathe machine too, but drill.
Workover rigs have a surface depth that is equipped with diesel engines and transmissions and is available from 8000 ft to 30000 ft. Their main advantage is their capability to rig up, move, and rig down quickly and easily. Types of drilling rigs rt3 iadc drilling manual plexity. A portable metal tower that is raised into working position as a unit, rather than assembled as a. Technical specification for zj40bd modular drilling rig.
A comparison between onshore and offshore drilling rigs with proposed future developments technical report pdf available december 2014 with 17,661 reads how we. Abs keeps pace with changing industry demands, drawing on input from industry experts, including drilling contractors, operating companies, shipyards, design firms and academia, to improve its rules for building and classing mobile offshore drilling units modu rules and additional. The iadc rig poster makes an effective instructional learning tool, as well as a handsome addition for. The drillstem is suspended by the traveling block and drilling line, the entire load rests on the derrick. Drilling rig components 1 drilling systems hoisting system rotating system circulation system power system well. Also, a wire rope used to support the drilling tools. A drilling machine is one of the important machine tools in the workshop in todays article, i will discuss the definition, parts, types, and operations of the drilling machine you should know about. Drilling rigs the majority of wells in new york state are drilled with rotary rigs. The swivel, kelly, rotatory table or the topdrive system accomplish rotating functions. Accumulator additional rig components not illustrated at right. In onshore operations, the rig includes virtually everything except living quarters. Newer rigs use electric generators to power electric motors on the other parts of the rig. Drilling fluids must be used when drilling wells with a rotary rig. Introduction to rig types and basic drill string components.
In todays article, i will discuss the definition, parts, types, and operations of the drilling machine you should know about. Rotary drilling is the most efficient technology applied in the oil and gas industry. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and such are called augers. Oct 07, 2011 north american drilling corporations recent drilling operations in west texas, usa. Offshore drilling is very much an upstream activity. Heavy duty rigs drill holes from about 1200016000ft deep or 35005000m. Tug boats towing a jackup rig into position how the offshore drilling industry works. It is a very important piece of equipment which has to be used in any drill string. In offshore drilling bops have the same function as those used in onshore wells. The rig component is the basic step for people who are new to drilling industry.
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